O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer os sentidos produzidos por ouvidores de vozes sobre suas experiências com as vozes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com dezesseis ouvidores de vozes usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Evidenciou-se que o sentido que o ouvidor atribui às vozes é subjetivo, individual, e dependente de fatores externos, como os discursos a que esse ouvidor é exposto no seu meio (...) histórico e social ao longo do tempo. Fica nítida a importância de não se minimizar as características e os conteúdos das vozes, a fim de auxiliar os ouvidores a estabelecerem sentidos e possíveis relações com suas histórias de vida. (shrink)

Michel Foucault had a great influence upon a wide range of disciplines, and his work has been widely interpreted and is frequently referred to, but it is often difficult for beginners to find their way into the complexities of his thought. This is especially true for readers whose background is Anglo-American or "analytic" philosophy. C. G. Prado argues in this updated introduction that the time is overdue for Anglo-American philosophers to avail themselves of what Foucault offers. In this clear (...) and greatly-revised second edition, Prado focuses on Foucault's "middle" or genealogical work, particularly Discipline and Punish and Volume One of The History of Sexuality, in which Foucault most clearly comes to grips with the historicization of truth and knowledge and the formation of subjectivity. Understanding Foucault's thought on these difficult subjects requires working through much complexity and ambiguity, and Prado's direct and accessible introduction is the ideal place to start. (shrink)

This book examines the reactions of the friends and family of those who elect to die due to terminal illness. These surviving spouses, partners, relatives and friends, in addition to coping with the death of a loved one, must also deal with the loved one's decision to die, thus severing the relationship. C. G. Prado examines how reactions to elective death are influenced by cultural influences and beliefs, particularly those related to life, death and the possibility of an afterlife. (...) Understanding the role of these cultural influences on the grieving processes of survivors is a crucial step in allowing them to accept both intellectually and emotionally the finality of elective death and to deal with the decision of their loved one. (shrink)

This essay deals with metaphilosophical issues, i.e., different ways of “doing philosophy” and their possible applications for the formulation of a properly Brazilian philosophy. The arguments are drawn from questions that constitute the instigating and pertinent book by Gonçalo Palácios entitled De como fazer filosofia sem ser grego, estar morto ou ser gênio. In order to problematize the increasingly explored question of whether there is a Brazilian philosophy, firstly, I interact with some problems raised in the mentioned work, such as (...) academic philosophical practice, its attachment to the exegesis of works consecrated by tradition, and the consequent subdivision between history of philosophy and “philosophizing” through specific problems of national reality. Next, I articulate some elements that allow us to characterize a specifically Brazilian philosophy. To carry out this characterization, it is essential to critically articulate the relationship between philosophy teaching, in both school and academic level, with the philosophical tradition and its adjacent concepts. (shrink)

Concern with elective-death decisions usually focuses on individuals' competence and understanding of their situations and prospects. If problematic influences on individuals are considered, they almost invariably have to do with matters such as depression and the effects of medication. Too little attention is paid to how individuals, as subjects, are products of both external cultural and social influences on them, and of internal efforts and needs that determine their subjectivity.

De nos jours, la cote de l'imaginaire est en hausse. Sensibles au mouvement des idees, les historiens se sont mis a la tache. Leurs contributions dans ce domaine ne se denombrent plus. Mais chaque historien affine sa problematique particuliere. Les ponts sont rares entre les epoques et les cultures, et encore plus rares entre les axes differents de recherche. Il existe des imaginaires historiques plutot qu'une veritable histoire de l'imaginaire.Une telle histoire - batie essentiellement sur les structures de l'imaginaire - (...) serait-elle possible? Lucian Boia le croit et essaie de le prouver. Son but est d'identifier certains principes susceptibles d'offrir un minimum de coherence a un domaine pour le moment eclate. Tout en tenant compte d'un large eventail de contributions, ce travail repose en grande partie sur les propres recherches de l'auteur. Il y est question de l'imaginaire scientifique, de l'espace, des humanites autres, des visions apocalyptiques, des millenarismes, des mythes fondateurs, ces mythologies totalitaires. C'est la premiere fois qu'un historien tente de rassembler dans un panorama cette diversite deroutante de manifestations en vue de definir les structures et la dynamique propres a l'imaginaire et de saisir ainsi sa logique particuliere.L'histoire de l'imaginaire: une des histoires de demain? (shrink)

Although David Mitrany’s international thought is not usually associated with the concept of the international anarchy, I argue that his analysis actually compares two forms of anarchical order. The first form is the order associated with the relations between states, while the second is his functional alternative to this order. The functional approach is anarchical in the sense that it remains an order without an orderer. In first analysing the dynamics and failings of the inter-state order, and then suggesting pragmatic (...) process-orientated solutions to those failings, I argue that Mitrany follows a similar approach to his classical realist contemporaries. (shrink)

A moral doctrine on war, which establishes the moral conditions of making war, is something quite different from a moral doctrine on the international use of force, which condemns war as an inmoral action in itself. If our options are for the latter, we should be provided with a more efficient and equitable way to solve international conflicts than war, because the moral condemnation of war undermines the grounds on which the moral and legal doctrine on war has been traditionally (...) based. (shrink)

La mayoría de las épocas histórico-artísticas han adquirido su denominación en tiempos recientes. La época comprendida entre el siglo XVII y la primera mitad del XVIII terminó siendo bautizada por Heinrich Wölfflin como Barroco, aunque el concepto ya existía previamente con otras acepciones y no como estilo. A partir de las obras del escritor suizo Renacimiento y Barroco (1888) y de Conceptos fundamentales de la historia del arte (1915) el concepto comenzó a adquirir unas dimensiones insospechadas hasta el punto de (...) que a nuestra época se la ha denominado neobarroco, por las analogías con aquélla. En el presente trabajo voy a utilizar el concepto de barroco como un instrumento de corte, ante todo, estético y estilístico que, al mismo tiempo, va unido a cuestiones epocales y anímicas con objeto de analizar determinadas propuestas artísticas en diferentes campos, como la pintura y la música, mostrando que la proyección del concepto abarca ámbitos de la realidad de gran eficacia hermenéutica. (shrink)

El presente trabajo argumenta la semejanza del papel dialógico entre Platón y Hans-Georg Gadamer como punto fundante de la actividad del filósofo y como punto de desencuentro entre la dialéctica y la retórica antigua, y entre la dialéctica y la hermenéutica contemporánea. Al contrario, se analiza su diferencia para exponer el papel anticrítico de la dialéctica que caracteriza la obra de Verdad y Método y reafirma la función enunciativa de la texné en relación con la situación dialogal entre el lector (...) y un texto. (shrink)

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The Hermotimus is Lucian’s longest piece of writing, surpassing even the two books of the True Tales, and at the same time his most successful effort to recreate the style and atmosphere of a Platonic dialogue, filled with a new—and for Lucian uncharacteristically serious—content, namely a sustained attack on “dogmatic” philosophical schools (the “haireseis” of its subtitle) and, inversely, a ringing endorsement of the tenets of Pyrrhonian Scepticism.... (review at BMCR).

This collection uses economic analysis to study some of the most pressing issues in corporate law. The last decade has brought certain corporate transactions and arrangements to the forefront of public attention and public debate. At the same time, a new mode of corporate law analysis has been developed - one that uses the tools of economics to identify the consequences and desirable features of corporate law rules. By bringing together work at the frontier of this method of analysis, the (...) volume provides a good picture of the power, current state, and future direction of the economic analysis of corporate law. Written by some of the most prominent contributors to the field, many of the chapters focus directly on the corporate control transactions that have recently attracted the most interest and controversy - corporate takeovers, buy-outs, recapitalizations, and reorganizations. (shrink)

This paper discusses practical akrasia from the perspective of the sophisticated form of moral subjectivism that can be derived from Nuno Venturinha’s remarks on moral matters.

Pragmatist views inspired by Peirce characterize the content of claims in terms of their practical consequences. The content of a claim is, on these views, determined by what actions are rationally recommended or supported by that claim. In this paper I examine the defeasibility of these relations of rational support. I will argue that such defeasibility introduces a particularist, occasion-sensitive dimension in pragmatist theories of content. More precisely, my conclusion will be that, in the sort of framework naturally derived from (...) Peirce’s pragmatist maxim, grasping conceptual contents is not merely a question of mastering general rules or principles codifying the practical import of claims, but decisively involves being sensitive to surrounding features of the particular situation at hand. (shrink)

en este artículo la imaginación es el concepto clave para identificar la evolución epistemológica del hombre natural. A través de la primacía del sentimiento de placer se va a exponer, en tres momentos, el desarrollo de las facultades mentales en donde, primero, predomina una imaginación pictórica individual que refiere el placer a los objetos de la sensibilidad y utiliza la razón calculadora para asegurárselos de forma continua. Segundo, su paso hacia una imaginación pictórica mediada por un poder capaz de reunir (...) a los hombres e imponerse, que refiere el placer hacia una realidad de signos y comportamientos comunes. Por último, la inmediatez del sentimiento de placer de la imaginación pictórica es subordinada al placer derivado de la creación de símbolos significativos lingüísticos y se ciñe a ellos. (shrink)

"Previously unpublished images from glass-plate negatives taken by Walter Schneider capture the years of transition from agrarian to industrial society in America and beyond.

Developments in both China and Russia are a challenge to political science, and more particularly to theories of political culture. Both countries are engaged in profound processes of transition involving the abandonment of totalitarianism and the adoption of market-based economies. It is, however, far from clear what form their political systems will eventually take. They are currently following strikingly different paths. Are the differences a reflection of their distinctive cultures? Or, are the differences more structural, a manifestation of their respective (...) stages of economic and social development? Or, are they merely the consequences of the idiosyncratic choices and policy decisions of the two leaderships? (shrink)

A circunscrição do tema do circuito da ipseidade em O Ser e o Nada pode esclarecer as inovações sartre a nas em relação ao estatuto da Metafísica, da Ontologia e da Fenomenologia. Apresentamos aqui algumas direções dessa tarefa assumida por Sartre, ao tratar da passagem da fenomenologia à ontologia, sobre tudo sua defesa da irredutibilidade do fenômeno do ser ao ser do fenômeno, que culmina na ontologia fenomenológica e que é o télos de O Ser e o Nada. A passagem (...) à metafísica pode ser bem delineada através da contraposição com a empresa bergsoniana, já que a metafísica aparece na reflexão de Sartre com uma função puramente reguladora, jamais constitutiva. (shrink)

From a classical phenomenological point of view, to reason is to have a conscious intentional experience. A conscious experience can be described as a predicative reconstruction of whatever reason might be concerned with while the intentional aspect can be deduced from the effort of disclosing specialized propositional insights into whatever reasoning is concerned with. Husserl argued that the task of phenomenology is to pave the way toward a science of consciousness in which reason as key feature of conscious life will (...) be properly treated. However, contemporary phenomenology adopted an entirely different perspective on this matter. Conscious experiences are now described from a perspective reminiscent to traditional empiricism while the search for universal objectivity is abandoned in favor of contextual truths. The current situation raises several questions how did we get here, does making sense entail emotions, does the emotivist reconsideration of consciousness solve the problem of objectivity, should a future science of consciousness stress the role of emotions as a solution to subjectivism and yet to be considered a phenomenological science of consciousness. In this paper, I only begin to tackle these problems. (shrink)